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厚壳贻贝养殖区附着生物特征及其碳储量—以浙江枸杞岛为例

Characteristics of fouling organisms and carbon storage in Mytilus coruscus aquaculture areas, a case study at Gouqi Island, Zhejiang Province

  • 摘要: 全球气候变暖形势日益严峻,海洋能够吸收大气中的二氧化碳,在减缓气候变化方面发挥着重要作用。海水养殖大型藻类以及贝类具有显著的碳汇功能,然而,关于多年生贝类养殖区附着生物的固碳贡献研究尚且不足。本研究在浙江枸杞岛海域厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)养殖区春、夏、秋、冬四季开展现场调查的基础上,对厚壳贻贝养殖区附着生物的特征及其固碳能力进行了研究。研究结果表明:多年生厚壳贻贝养殖区附着生物种类丰富,具有很高的生物多样性,本次调查共发现69种附着动物以及64种附着藻类,附着动物有软体动物、节肢动物、刺胞动物、环节动物、多孔动物、棘皮动物、苔虫动物和尾索动物8门,不同季节之间附着动物的种类数量差异较大,秋季(46种)>夏季(43种)>春季(36种)>冬季(26种);附着藻类有红藻、绿藻和褐藻3门,3个门类的附着藻类在各个季节均有出现,春季(33种)>夏季(30种)>秋季(29种)>冬季(16种);附着动物的生物量主要随着厚壳贻贝贝龄的增长而升高,3龄贝与1龄贝的养殖区生物量占比分别为31.36%和21.80%;附着藻类的生物量季节差异大,冬季(22985.53±143.40) g/m2>春季(7107.95±193.37) g/m2>夏季(4290.20±95.91) g/m2>秋季(2380.19±154.56) g/m2;厚壳贻贝养殖区附着生物具有巨大的固碳潜力,其单位面积年碳储量约为0.983 t/hm2,其中附着动物的单位面积年碳储量约为0.059 t/hm2,附着藻类的单位面积年碳储量约为0.924 t/hm2,分别占到了附着生物单位面积年碳储量的5.96%和94.04%,附着藻类中铜藻(Sargassum horneri)的单位面积年碳储量在所有生物中最大,为0.668 t/hm2。因此,多年生厚壳贻贝养殖区的附着生物也为海洋碳汇做出了重要贡献,对于保护海洋生态系统和应对气候变化都具有积极的意义。

     

    Abstract: Global warming is becoming increasingly severe, and the ocean plays an important role in mitigating climate change by absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere. Mariculture of macroalgae and shellfish exhibits significant carbon sequestration potential. However, researches on the carbon fixation contributions of fouling organisms in perennial shellfish aquaculture areas remains limited. This study investigated the characteristics of fouling organisms and their carbon sequestration capacity in Mytilus coruscus aquaculture zones across four seasons (spring, summer, fall, and winter) in the coastal waters of Gouqi Island, Zhejiang Province. Results showed that the perennial M. coruscus aquaculture areas host diverse fouling organisms with high biodiversity. A total of 69 fouling animals including 8 phyla of Mollusca, Arthropoda, Cnidaria, Annelida, Porifera, Echinodermata, Bryozoa, and Chordata and 64 fouling algae including 3 phyla of Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta, and Phaeophyceae were identified. Seasonal variations of abundance in fouling animals were significant, exhibiting the order of autumn (46 species), summer (43 species), spring (36 species), and winter (26 species). Fouling algae presented in all seasons, with species richness ranked as spring (33 species), summer (30 species), autumn (29 species), and winter (16 species). The biomass of fouling animals increased with mussel age of M. coruscus, accounting for 31.36% and 21.80% in 3-year-old and 1-year-old mussel aquaculture areas, respectively. Fouling algal biomass varied markedly by season in consequence of winter (22 985.53±143.40) g/m2, spring (7 107.95±193.37) g/m2, summer (4 290.20±95.91) g/m2, and fall (2 380.19±154.56) g/m2. The fouling organisms in M. coruscus aquaculture areas demonstrated substantial carbon storage potential, with an annual carbon storage of approximately 0.983 t/hm2. Specifically, fouling animals contributed 0.059 t/hm2 (5.96% of total) and fouling algae accounted for 0.924 t/hm2 (94.04% of total). Among all organisms, the brown alga Sargassum horneri exhibited the highest annual carbon storage of 0.668 t/hm2. These findings highlight that the fouling organisms in perennial M. coruscus aquaculture zones significantly contribute to marine carbon sequestration, showing their ecological importance for marine ecosystem conservation and climate change mitigation.

     

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